All open problems
Source labels openChecked July 26, 2026

Millennium ProblemsNumber theory

Riemann Hypothesis and its generalizations

The Riemann Hypothesis: all non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function have real part 12\frac{1}{2}. That is, if ζ(s)=0\zeta(s) = 0, s1s \neq 1, and ss is not a trivial zero 2(n+1)-2(n+1) for some nNn \in \mathbb{N}, then Re(s)=12\operatorname{Re}(s) = \frac{1}{2}.

Mathematical statement

The Riemann Hypothesis: all non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function have real part 12\frac{1}{2}. That is, if ζ(s)=0\zeta(s) = 0, s1s \neq 1, and ss is not a trivial zero 2(n+1)-2(n+1) for some nNn \in \mathbb{N}, then Re(s)=12\operatorname{Re}(s) = \frac{1}{2}.

This is the official Millennium Prize Problem as posed by the Clay Mathematics Institute.

This uses the RiemannHypothesis type from Mathlib, which is defined as ∀ (s : ℂ), riemannZeta s = 0 → (¬∃ n : ℕ, s = -2 * (n + 1)) → s ≠ 1 → s.re = 1 / 2.

Statement source: Millennium Problems statement material

Statement terms: Source-specific

Source-specific terms. Therefore does not assert reuse rights beyond attributed display.

Statement artifacts, not proofs

These records expose exact Lean propositions and statement-only wrappers. Defining a proposition does not supply a proof of it. A placeholder-bearing target also contains no proof. Elaboration checks syntax and types; it does not certify that a formalization perfectly captures every nuance of the informal problem.

Pinned Lean formulation 1

riemannHypothesis

Canonical source
Complete statement target, proof intentionally absentLean 4
theorem riemannHypothesis : RiemannHypothesis := by  sorry
Statement source
Formal Conjectures
Lean version
v4.27.0
Placeholder
Present; no proof artifact
Source evidence
Pinned source index
Fidelity review
Community formulation

References