Open-problem statements, with their sources attached.

Suppose that $X, Y$ are two finitely-supported independent random variables taking integer values, and such that $X + Y$ is uniformly distributed on its range. Are $X$ and $Y$ themselves uniformly distributed on their ranges?

Let $K \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a balanced compact set (that is, $\lambda K \subseteq K$ whenever $|\lambda| \leq 1$) and suppose that the normalised Gaussian measure $\gamma_n(K) \geq 0.99$. Does $10K$ contain a compact convex set $C$ with $\gamma_n(C) \geq 0.01$?

Let $f(z)=\sum_{0\leq k\leq n} \epsilon_k z^k$ be a random polynomial, where $\epsilon_k\in \{-1,1\}$ independently uniformly at random for $0\leq k\leq n$.

Is it true that, if $R_n$ is the number of roots of $f(z)$ in $\{ z\in \mathbb{C} : \lvert z\rvert \leq 1\}$, then

almost surely?

There is some ambiguity as to whether the intended coefficient set is $\{-1, 1\}$ or $\{0, 1\}$, see erdos_522.variants.zero_one for the alternate version.

Let $f(z)=\sum_{0\leq k\leq n} \epsilon_k z^k$ be a random polynomial, where $\epsilon_k\in \{0,1\}$ independently uniformly at random for $0\leq k\leq n$.

Is it true that, if $R_n$ is the number of roots of $f(z)$ in $\{ z\in \mathbb{C} : \lvert z\rvert \leq 1\}$, then

almost surely?

If $A \subset \mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$ is random, $|A| = \sqrt{p}$, can we almost surely cover $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$ with $100\sqrt{p}$ translates of $A$? [Gr24]

"I do not know how to answer this even with 100 replaced by 1.01." [Gr24]"

Similar questions are interesting with $\sqrt{p}$ replaced by $p^\theta$ for any $\theta \le 1/2$. [Gr24]

NOTE: using $C p^\theta$ translates as stated makes the conjecture trivially false by the pigeonhole principle. Indeed for a set of size $p^\theta$, we cover at most $C p^{2\theta}$ elements, which is strictly less than $p$ for $\theta < 1/2$. We interpret the question as asking whether $O(p^{1-\theta})$ translates suffice. This generalizes the main conjecture where $\sqrt{p} = p^{1-1/2}$.

Conjecture 7 from Kahn–Kalai 2006: the same statement as the original conjecture, but with the additional assumption that $t$ is the critical probability for $F$, namely $\mu_t(F) = 1/2$.

Let $f$ be a Rademacher multiplicative function. Does there exist some constant $c > 0$ such that, almost surely,